The Consequence of an Action

  1. Basic Structure: [Verb] + [Resultative Complement]

    • The resultative complement is usually an adjective or another verb.

  2. Common Examples:

    • 把水果洗干净。 (Wash the fruit clean.)

    • 我的作业做完了。 (My homework is done.)

    • 他说中文,我听懂了。 (He spoke Chinese, and I understood.)

    • 我看了,但是没看见。 (I looked, but I didn't see it.)

    • 看见 (kànjiàn) - 看 (look) + 见 (perceive) = to see

    • 听懂 (tīngdǒng) - 听 (listen) + 懂 (understand) = to understand (what one hears)

    • 做完 (zuòwán) - 做 (do) + 完 (finish) = to finish doing

    • 洗干净 (xǐ gānjìng) - 洗 (wash) + 干净 (clean) = to wash something until it's clean

  3. Negative Form:

    • Place "没(有)" before the verb and its resultative complement.

    • Example: 我没听见你的话。 (I didn't hear what you said.)

  4. Potential Complement: Insert "得" or "不" between the verb and the resultative complement to indicate "can" or "cannot."

    • 看得见 (kàn de jiàn) - can see

    • 听不懂 (tīng bu dǒng) - cannot understand (by listening)

    • Example: 这里太吵,我听不清。 (It's too noisy here, I can't hear clearly.)

Summary: Resultative complements pack two concepts (action + result) into one concise verb phrase. This is key to making your Chinese sound more natural.


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